微服务中使用Spring Security + OAuth 2.0 + JWT 搭建认证授权服务
OAuth 是一种用来规范令牌(Token)发放的授权机制,主要包含了四种授权模式:
- 授权码模式
- 简化模式
- 密码模式
- 客户端模式
引入依赖
spring-cloud-starter-oauth2 已经包含了 spring-cloud-starter-security、spring-security-oauth2、spring-security-jwt 这3个依赖,只需引入 spring-cloud-starter-oauth2 即可。
准备工作
- 新建 UserDTO 类,实现 org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails 接口
nec-common:Account
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| @Data public class UserDTO implements Serializable, UserDetails { private static final long serialVersionUID = 5538522337801286424L;
private String userName; private String password; private Set<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities;
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() { return this.authorities; }
public String getPassword() { return this.password; }
public String getUsername() { return this.userName; }
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() { return true; }
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() { return true; }
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() { return true; }
public boolean isEnabled() { return true; } }
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- 新建类 UserDetailsServiceImpl,实现 org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService 接口,用于校验用户凭据。
nec-auth:NecUserDetailService
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| @Service public class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
@Autowired public void setPasswordEncoder(PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) { this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder; }
@Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException { UserDTO user = new UserDTO(); user.setUserName(username); user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode("123456")); return user; } }
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配置认证授权服务器
- 新建类 Oauth2ServerConfig,继承 org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter 类;在 Oauth2ServerConfig 类上 添加注解 @EnableAuthorizationServer 。
nec-auth:AuthorizationServer
框架提供了几个默认的端点:
- /oauth/authorize:授权端点
- /oauth/token:获取令牌端点
- /oauth/confirm_access:用户确认授权端点
- /oauth/check_token:校验令牌端点
- /oauth/error:用于在授权服务器中呈现错误
- /oauth/token_key:获取 jwt 公钥端点
- 继承 AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter 类后,我们需要重写以下三个方法扩展实现我们的需求。
- configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) :用于定义、初始化客户端信息
- configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints):用于定义授权令牌端点及服务
- configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security):用于定义令牌端点的安全约束
用于定义 内存 中或 基于JDBC存储实现 的客户端,其重要的几个属性有:
- clientId:客户端id,必填;
- clientSecret:客户端密钥;
- authorizedGrantTypes:客户端授权类型,有 5 种模式: authorization_code、password、client_credentials、implicit、refresh_token;
- scope:授权范围;
- accessTokenValiditySeconds:access_token 有效时间,单位为秒,默认为 12 小时;
- refreshTokenValiditySeconds:refresh_token 有效时间,单位为秒,默认为 30 天;
客户端信息一般保存在 Redis 或 数据库中
使用以下 SQL(适用于MySQL) 来建表:
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| CREATE TABLE `oauth_client_details` ( `client_id` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL, `resource_ids` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `client_secret` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `scope` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `authorized_grant_types` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `web_server_redirect_uri` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `authorities` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `access_token_validity` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `refresh_token_validity` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `additional_information` varchar(4096) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `autoapprove` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`client_id`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
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添加一条客户端信息用于测试:
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| INSERT INTO `oauth_client_details` VALUES ('auth-server', NULL, '$2a$10$mcEwJ8qqhk2DYIle6VfhEOZHRdDbCSizAQbIwBR7tTuv9Q7Fca9Gi', 'all', 'password,refresh_token', '', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
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其中密码 123456 使用 BCryptPasswordEncoder 加密,加密后字符为 $2a$10$mcEwJ8qqhk2DYIle6VfhEOZHRdDbCSizAQbIwBR7tTuv9Q7Fca9Gi。
配置 ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer ,指定客户端信息:
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| @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class Oauth2ServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {
private final DataSource dataSource; private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
@Autowired public Oauth2ServerConfig(DataSource dataSource, PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) { this.dataSource = dataSource; this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder; }
@Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { JdbcClientDetailsService clientDetailsService = new JdbcClientDetailsService(dataSource); clientDetailsService.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder); clients.withClientDetails(clientDetailsService); } }
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需要指定 AuthenticationManager 及 UserDetailService,尤其是使用密码模式时,必须指定 AuthenticationManager,否则会报 Unsupported grant type: password 错误。
新建 WebSecurityConfig 类,继承 org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 类,重写 authenticationManagerBean() 方法,并定义需要用到的 PasswordEncoder;
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| @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http .cors()
.and() .csrf().disable()
.formLogin().disable() .httpBasic().disable() .logout().disable()
.authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/oauth/token").permitAll();
.anyRequest().authenticated(); }
@Override @Bean public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); } @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } }
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- 配置 AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer:
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| @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class Oauth2ServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {
private final UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;
private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired public Oauth2ServerConfig(UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService, AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) { this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService; this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager; }
@Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .userDetailsService(userDetailsService); } }
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使用 JWT 作为令牌格式
生成 JWT 密钥对
使用 JDK 的 keytool 工具生成 JKS 密钥对 jwt.jks,并将 jwt.jks 放到 resources 目录下。
定位至 JDK 目录下的 bin 目录,执行以下命令生成密钥对,记住口令密钥,代码中需要用到密钥来读取密钥对,以下命令以 123456 为例:
keytool -genkey -alias weihong -keyalg RSA -keypass 123456 -keystore jwt.jks -storepass 123456
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| -genkey 生成密钥
-alias 别名
-keyalg 密钥算法
-keypass 密钥口令
-keystore 生成密钥对的存储路径和名称
-storepass 密钥对口令
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定义 token 转换器
在 Oauth2ServerConfig 类中定义 accessTokenConverter() 及 keyPair():
指定令牌存储策略为 JWT
配置 AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer 的令牌存储策略为 JWT,指定 accessTokenConverter 为我们定义好的 accessTokenConverter():
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| @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class Oauth2ServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {
private final UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;
private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired public Oauth2ServerConfig(UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService, AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) { this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService; this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager; }
@Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .userDetailsService(userDetailsService) .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter()); }
@Bean public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() { JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter(); converter.setKeyPair(keyPair()); return converter; }
@Bean public KeyPair keyPair() { KeyStoreKeyFactory keyStoreKeyFactory = new KeyStoreKeyFactory(new ClassPathResource("jwt.jks"), "123456".toCharArray()); return keyStoreKeyFactory.getKeyPair("weihong", "123456".toCharArray()); }
}
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扩展 JWT 存储内容
有时候我们需要扩展 JWT 存储的内容,比如存储一些用户数据、权限信息等。我们可以定义 TokenEnhancer 或继承 TokenEnhancer 来实现 JWT 内容增强器:
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| @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class Oauth2ServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {
private final UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;
private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired public Oauth2ServerConfig(UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService, AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) { this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService; this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager; }
@Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { TokenEnhancerChain enhancerChain = new TokenEnhancerChain(); List<TokenEnhancer> delegates = new ArrayList<>();
delegates.add(tokenEnhancer()); delegates.add(accessTokenConverter());
enhancerChain.setTokenEnhancers(delegates);
endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .userDetailsService(userDetailsService) .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter()) .tokenEnhancer(enhancerChain); }
@Bean public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() { JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter(); converter.setKeyPair(keyPair()); return converter; }
@Bean public KeyPair keyPair() { KeyStoreKeyFactory keyStoreKeyFactory = new KeyStoreKeyFactory(new ClassPathResource("jwt.jks"), "123456".toCharArray()); return keyStoreKeyFactory.getKeyPair("weihong", "123456".toCharArray()); }
@Bean public TokenEnhancer tokenEnhancer() { return (oAuth2AccessToken, oAuth2Authentication) -> { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(1); UserDTO userDTO = (UserDTO) oAuth2Authentication.getPrincipal(); map.put("userName", userDTO.getUsername()); ((DefaultOAuth2AccessToken) oAuth2AccessToken).setAdditionalInformation(map); return oAuth2AccessToken; }; } }
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使用 Redis 存储 token
添加 token 保存至 redis 的配置:
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| @Configuration public class RedisTokenStoreConfig {
@Resource private RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
@Bean public TokenStore redisTokenStore() { return new RedisTokenStore(connectionFactory); } }
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在认证服务配置中指定 token 存储方式:
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| @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class Oauth2ServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {
private final UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;
private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; private final TokenStore tokenStore;
@Autowired public Oauth2ServerConfig(UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService, AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, @Qualifier("redisTokenStore") TokenStore tokenStore) { this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService; this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager; this.tokenStore = tokenStore; }
@Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .userDetailsService(userDetailsService) .tokenStore(tokenStore); } }
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| @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security) throws Exception { security .allowFormAuthenticationForClients() .tokenKeyAccess("permitAll()") .checkTokenAccess("permitAll()"); }
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